Politics Of Organizational Decisions Making - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk about the Politics Of Organizational Decision-Making. Answer: Presentation: Dynamic is one of the vital piece of the advanced administration framework. Creation of a reasonable and trustworthy choice is one of the huge duties of an advisor or a trough (Hwang and Masud 2012). The choices make up as one of crucial jobs since it is basic in the assurance of the operational and the administrative exercises of an association. It can likewise be characterized as a course of activities that has been deliberately chosen to enable an association to accomplish its destinations and objectives. Dynamic is a persistent and ceaseless procedure that continually attempts to deal with the authoritative exercises (Zsambok 2014). This report manages a contextual investigation to help comprehend and break down the techniques for dynamic just as the contemplations that can be taken to settle on the applicable and sane choices that can emphatically influence the exhibition and the tasks of the association. This report investigations about a mechanical [product fabricating organization and its thought process to present another item alongside the potential outcomes and convictions that can be considered to settle on the basic choices identified with its business and the tasks. The reason for this report is to help comprehend and dissect the pivotal elements that should be considered to settle on the noteworthy and indispensable choices regarding dealing with the exhibition, profitability and the activities of the association. Outline of the organization and the circumstance investigation This contextual investigation spins around the Conroy producing Company, which was established in the time of 1960, where it was built up on a stale armed force base close Frankston, southeast of Melbourne. At first the organization was into the creation of little scope apparatus and instruments for the business however it progressively moved its activities to delivered modern paints, pre-manufactured carports and building materials, which slowly extended during the 70s and the mid 80s. the organization subsequently moved its administrative center in Dandenong, with the other set up new operational units in Dandenong, Ballarat and west Sydney. In any case, the paint producing office and the pre-manufactured joins have been stopped because of awful execution in the creation. At last, another supervisory crew have been conveyed that helped the organization to receive the Big information procedure and slowly began producing customer merchandise to stay aware of the tasks of the organiza tion, which included and electrical drill and motor tuner. These were sold through do it without anyone's help chains and tool shops (Sethi and Zhang 2012). The announcement of suppositions about the examination Since the items, which have been made recently had been fruitful in making its imprint however the deals are nearly littler than in contrast with different organizations managing a similar sort of item, the organization became certain enough and wishes to enter the market with another item (Pettigrew 2014). The organization chooses to fabricate another sort of cutting edge lawnmower with voice acknowledgment framework to caution and update the clients. The evaluated cost of innovative work has been assessed to around $8 million and beforehand the statistical surveying and advancement of the structure has just cost a measure of $2.5 million. Inside the procedure, the organization has chosen to change the area of the creation office for the creation of the lawnmower. The locales of creation have been diminished to two. One of them is an old aerodrome and another is an old material plant that has been shut for a long time. The material plant would cost about $ 6 million for a prompt buy in spite of the fact that the ownership is a factor of likelihood in several years, further more the plant requires further redesign, which would cost another $ 4 million. Since the factory requires a redesign, it is normal that the creation would initiate a year later. Thusly, on the off chance that it is expected that the item has been created inside the time of 2017, consolidating with ownership and redesign, the creation is probably going to begin in the time of 2019. Be that as it may, in the event that the advancement takes two years, at that point the last creation would complete in the time of 2020. The likely factor that the evaluated creation in the Laverton site would cost about $ 24 million yet the choice would be relied upon the advancement of the turn of events (Zimmermann 2012). The key factors alongside the methodology The key factors that rotate around the contextual investigation have been quickly depicted. In the first place, the two locales alongside the speculation that should be done according to the time being, including the offices that would likely join the ownership (Goodwin and Wright 2014). Second, the outside elements that assumes the noteworthy job alongside the bringing about expense and the venture. The third factor is identified with the speculation and the time in regards to the improvement of the item. The fourth factor is the worry of likelihood in regards to the results of the whole item improvement including the deals, the repayment of the speculation that has been done just as the possibility of the item in contrast with the contenders (Snyder and Diesing 2015). Fifth, on the off chance that the item doesn't meets the particular and the ideal gainfulness what can be considered to recoup the venture. The last and the most significant factor that should be considered is the est imation of the whole progression of money identified with the whole undertaking, including the achievement and the benefit that originates from whole venture just as the market reaction to the advancement (Yu 2013). The likely choices, which will be taken dependent on the SMART investigation (Probabilities, Net worth estimations and anticipated qualities) Situation 1: That is all Points of interest 0 1 2 3 4 (in $ million) (in $ million) (in $ million) (in $ million) (in $ million) Beginning Investment: Examination Development Cost 8 Change of Prototype 0 Acquisition of Campbellfield Site 6 Plant Equipping Cost 4 Transformation of Laverton Site 0 All out Initial Investment 18 Economic situation Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Net Cash Flow from Operation 16 16 16 16 All out Net Cash Flow - 18 16 16 16 16 Cost of Capital 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Limited Cash Flow - 18.00 14.55 13.22 12.02 10.93 Net Present Value 32.72 Table 1: Net Present Value Affectability Analysis: Anticipated Values Cost of Capital Situation 1 Situation 2 Situation 3 Situation 4 Situation 5 Situation 6 (in $ million) (in $ million) (in $ million) (in $ million) (in $ million) (in $ million) 5.00% 14.53 4.04 13.94 - 0.41 2.34 - 0.75 6.00% 14.04 3.88 13.43 - 0.48 2.24 - 0.80 7.00% 13.57 3.72 12.94 - 0.55 2.14 - 0.85 8.00% 13.12 3.57 12.47 - 0.62 2.05 - 0.89 9.00% 12.69 3.43 12.01 - 0.68 1.97 - 0.94 10% 12.27 3.29 11.57 - 0.75 1.88 - 0.98 11.00% 11.86 3.15 11.15 - 0.81 1.80 - 1.02 12.00% 11.47 3.02 10.74 - 0.87 1.72 - 1.06 13.00% 11.10 2.90 10.34 - 0.92 1.65 - 1.10 14.00% 10.73 2.78 9.96 - 0.98 1.58 - 1.13 15.00% 10.38 2.66 9.59 - 1.03 1.51 - 1.17 Fig2: Sensitivity Analysis Ordinary Scenario - 100% Site: Creation from Anticipated Value: Likelihood half Campberfield Jan'18 $12.27M Cost $10M Great - 70% Finish Anticipated Value: Dec-17 $11.57M Likelihood 75% Cost $8M Likelihood half Site: New Product Development Laverton Creation from Poor - 30% Cost $24M Jan'19 Anticipated Value: (- $0.75M) Site: Ordinary Scenario - 100% Likelihood 25% Finish Likelihood half Campberfield Creation from Anticipated Value: Dec-18 Cost $10M Jan'19 $3.29M Cost $14.4M Great - 40% Likelihood half Site: Anticipated Value: Laverton Creation from $1.88M Cost $24M Jan'20 Anticipated Value: (- $0.98M) In view of the realities and data as

Spanish Conflict free essay sample

The film Spanglish shows numerous instances of contentions. The film showed struggle in sentimental connections, in child rearing choices, sound way of life, and the one I chose for center around, social clash. Deborah Clasky, a spouse and mother of two kids, enlists a poor Mexican servant, Flor Moreno. At the point when the two families move in together for the late spring into a Malibu sea shore house the contention of impacting societies and qualities start. Flor, who was relinquished by her significant other, required one final open door for change so as to give her little girl a superior life and future. Flor, who doesn't talk any English, chooses to emigrate from Mexico to the United States. So as to raise Cristina appropriately she required however much of her very own security culture as could reasonably be expected so she moved through Texas, simply 34% Hispanic, to Los Angeles, 48% Hispanic. Flor felt she was directly back at home in Los Angeles. For a long time Flor and Cristina didn't Venture outside their new network. We will compose a custom exposition test on Spanish Conflict or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page That was until she was employed as a maid by Deborah Clasky. Deborah Clasky a previous representative, and now a housewife frequently showed negative conduct that was agitating to the two families. Deborah was fixated on magnificence and physical wellness. Deborah was continually pushing for her overweight little girl, Bernice, to get in shape. She would reveal to Bernice she truly could manage without the sandwich she was eating. She went similarly as buying another closet for Bernice that was a size excessively little. Disclosing to Bernice that she realizes she can lose the weight and she would fit into the garments instantly. After the two families move in together in the Malibu sea shore house, Cristina gets presented to the American lifestyle. Deborah chooses to take her on a day excursion without approaching Flor for authorization. She left a note, written in English for Flor. The note expressed that she was taking her girl for the afternoon. Cristina came back with pink and blue hair streaks leaving Flor irate. Deborah didn't think it was a serious deal to invest energy with Cristina regardless of anyone else's input in the matter. Flor suspected something. Flor had Cristina make an interpretation of a note to provide for Deborah disclosing to her that it was not alright to take her girl without her consent. In another occurrence, John, Deborah’s spouse offers to pay the children for ocean glass found on the sea shore. Cristina finds a plentiful measure of ocean glass and John needs to pay her in excess of 600 dollars. Once more, Flor is incensed that John consented to pay that measure of cash without talking with her first. The last occurrence that maddened Flor was when Deborah helped Cristina get a grant to a tuition based school. Deborah conveyed the news to Cristina before educating Flor. This left Flor in a position where it was hard to state no. Deborah gave Cristina a jewelry on her first day of school and expressed it was from her, Bernice, and Flor. Flor would not connect herself with the blessing and unmistakably revealed to her little girl the blessing was not from her. Flor was feeling her legacy and culture sneak away as her little girl was carrying on with the American lifestyle. Flor revealed to her cousin that she didn't know whether she was stressed that her little girl would feel odd in the new school or progressively stressed that she would feel equivalent to them. When Flor doesn't appear at her Grandmothers party, Flor acknowledges the time has come to roll out an improvement. The main thing Flor could offer her girl was her character and legacy. With her little girls new American way of life she didn't have anything left to offer her. She quit her place of employment and expelled Cristina from the tuition based school. She asked Christina a troublesome inquiry. She asked her, if what she needs for herself was to become somebody not quite the same as her? I accept the contention could have been taken care of all the more successfully. Deborah ought to have talked with Flor preceding imparting her plans to Cristina. For instance, Deborah ought to have inquired as to whether she would consider sending Cristina to a non-public school before introducing the proposal to Cristina. Deborah imparting the plan to Cristina first put Flor in a troublesome situation to state no. Speaking with Flor first would have additionally been an answer for both the excursion and ocean glass occurrence. It would have demonstrated that Deborah regarded Flor and her choices when it came to raising Cristina. Deborah and Flor had the four factors that are viewed as a contention. Two individuals are related; they each need something structure the other. The two gatherings fault the other or criticize them for causing the issue. At least one of the gatherings is irate or sincerely resentful. The parties’ practices are influencing their relationship with one another and their associations with others (Dana, 2000). The connection between the two families dwindled to nothing following the contention of impacting societies and qualities.

Consumer behaviour Essay Example for Free

Buyer conduct Essay Understanding buyer conduct has taken the consideration of scientists and organizations because of their pertinence for business achievement (Jones et al 2000). How is purchaser fulfillment related with their steadfastness has been likely the most significant issue in shopper conduct for guarantee a drawn out accomplishment in an advertising technique (Pappu et al 2006). The writing and analysts propose that there is a solid connection between item fulfillment and brand steadfastness, however continually featuring their connection as a unidirectional relationship. At the end of the day, item or administration fulfillment has an immediate relationship with dedication, yet faithfulness has not a critical reliance with fulfillment (Oslen 2005). At the end of the day, brands can have fulfilled clients; all things considered, that doesn't mean steadfast clients later on (Oslen 2005). Furthermore, the written works likewise recommend that there is a connection among faithfulness and gainfulness because of repurchase conduct (Dick Basu 1994; Anderson et al 1994; Rust et al 1995). All these positive results are conceivable if supervisors consider in their methodologies ideas, for example, buyer fulfillment and client reliability to construct solid connections dependent on trust and duty (Dick Basu 1994). Every one of these ideas are absolutely helpful to accept a great deal of open doors in the wine business. Its highlights as a business blend among items and administrations, its difficult serious condition and its multifaceted nature for items assessment, make the wine business totally ward of these ideas. Thus, this article will examine what is consumer loyalty and for what reason is significant for a business achievement in a long haul. At that point, it will do likewise with client devotion idea making an extraordinary consideration in the contrasts between consumer loyalty and client reliability ideas. Besides, to have various perspectives about steadfastness, likewise it will be examined a significant contention against faithfulness known as â€Å"double danger effect†. From that point onward, this article will offer two methodologies of how is determined client benefit because of their importance in administrative showcasing choices. At last, it will be clarified how are connected fulfillment dependability gainfulness and its outcomes to the wine business. Consumer loyalty is critical to a business accomplishment in a long haul (Jones et al 2000; Pappu et al 2006). There is a wide scope of contentions to help why consumer loyalty is so pertinent for future execution of numerous organizations. For instance, fulfilled clients are more grounded against rivalry advertising efforts, likewise they are less delicate to the cost and may be more faithful to the brand than unsatisfied clients (Dimitriades 2010). In any case, fulfillment isn't the main advance that wineries need to provide for document their objectives with their customers. There is a major separation among fulfillment and reliability, and a profound comprehension of every idea may be fundamental for organizations with a solid relationship among items and administrations like the wine business. These days, the wine business has been perceived as one of the most serious business because of its little edges and enormous gracefully. What's more, the changing wine business condition has constrained wine maker to utilize procedures concentrated on customer inclinations (Kimpakorn Tocquer 2011). Every one of these elements have gotten basic for wineries that need to have a separation against their rivals and fulfill their clients. As indicated by previously mentioned, a few creators are characterized and contemplated consumer loyalty and their faithfulness because of their importance in a long haul, however their definitions fluctuate as per the reason for the examination (Oslen 2005). All things considered, The American Marketing Association (AMA), is the most aware expert relationship for people and associations who are driving the work on, educating, and advancement of advertising around the world, and they characterized consumer loyalty as follow: 1. How much a buyers desires are satisfied or outperformed by an item. 2. The post-buy assessment of a purchaser activity by a definitive buyer or the chief. The convictions, perspectives, and future buy designs; verbal correspondence; and lawful and casual objections have been identified with the post-buy fulfillment/disappointment process. (American Marketing Association 2012) Therefore, for those wineries that are searching for a separation, fulfilled clients may be a decent other option. As it is conceivable to see, as indicated by the meaning of AMA, everything is connected with consumer’s desires and how organizations surpass it or not. What's more, the post-buy procedure will determinate their mentalities and convictions to the brand. In this line, a fulfilled client is a potential ‘promoter’ of the brand through informal exchange and could be a truly beneficial if organizations comprehend their necessities and needs. In addition, Anderson and Sullivan (1993) clarify that are two factors as predecessors of fulfillment, desires and saw quality (Anderson et al 1993). This implies, the assessing procedure will rely upon how were constructed these desires and the quality saw. Besides, the creators support that these predecessors will have an alternate load in the process contingent upon how complex is assess the item. Thus, it may be progressively significant oversee consumer loyalty when customers are acquainted with the item. Actually, when the item is intricate or hard for assessing, desires are increasingly significant (Anderson et al 1993). In this way, these discoveries challenge the wine business because of wine isn't a simple item to assess. At the end of the day, it isn't sufficient produce only a decent quality wine, yet additionally it is oversee customer’s desire as an aspect of their responsibilities to get their fulfillment. Wineries that as of now surpass customer’ desires, presently are searching for keeping their consideration and future inclinations. Is here when steadfastness turns into a significant and applicable objective for those wineries that passed the initial step, make a drawn out relationship with their clients. Numerous conceptualizations of client faithfulness can be found in the writing (Donio et al 2006). The significance of make beneficial connection with clients is applicable to such an extent that numerous creators have devoted their investigations to get it. What is client reliability and why it is so noteworthy to the future accomplishment of a business are the key inquiries. The primary intermittent contention in the writing is catching another client is significantly more costly than enchanting existing one (Dick Basu 1994). As we talk about previously, fulfillment in the wine business is progressively related with client desire, yet once surpassed these desires, is basic beginning to speculation in how to fabricate a feasible relationship with clients in the long haul. Dick and Basu (1994) characterized steadfastness as follow: â€Å"The quality of the connection between an individual’s relative demeanor towards a substance (brand, administration, store, or merchant) and rehash patronage† (Dick Basu 1994) So, Dick and Basu (1994) propose that there is a connection between the quality of the relationship and the individual’s relative perspectives toward a brand, which it determinate a potential future buy. Presently, it isn't clear yet how these perspectives work and are assembled. To clarify this, Dick and Basu (1994) clarify three unique methodologies of client devotion. To start with, reliability as a mentality toward a brand, second, unwaveringness communicated as an example practices, and third, purchasing directed by singular perspectives (Dick Basu 1994). Understanding these three perspectives are valuable for acknowledge profoundly what is client unwaveringness. The main methodology is seen as inspirational mentalities toward a brand. This implies, a great past encounters produced a dedication with the brand. This is estimated asking individuals the amount they like the brand or in the event that they will give any suggestions. The degree of these emotions and suggestions will quantify the degree of duty with the brand and future buys (Dick Basu 1994). At the end of the day, any promoting effort that strengthens positive qualities toward the brand is taking a shot at upgrading these uplifting mentalities. For example, Coca-cola and its advertising effort of bliss or Harley-Davidson and their ‘unique sound’ and ‘style’ of cruisers, both are crusades that improve positive characteristics toward the brand. Be that as it may, this definition isn't exactly certain for purchasing of ‘low-risk’ (Dick Basu 1994). The subsequent definition, unwaveringness communicated as example conduct, characterizes diverse sort of clients. Those called ‘monogamous’ that implies 100% faithful to a brand and the others as ‘promiscuous’ that implies faithful to a classification of items in excess of a particular brand (Dick Basu 1994). In this way, under this definition unwaveringness is progressively similar to an affinity to purchase a brand into a class of items than sentiments of responsibility with a specific one. In deed, there are confirmations that show individuals who proclaimed them self as fulfilled or exceptionally fulfilled and in the following buy they purchase another brand. For instance, In the UK, Oglivy Loyalty Center found that, albeit 85% of car clients announced them self as fulfilled, just 40% purchased a similar brand, and of bundled products clients who distinguished a most loved brand, the 66% had purchased another brand as of late (O’Malley 1998). At long last, the third methodology, purchasing moderate by singular mentalities, connects the conduct with customer’ perspectives. Dick Basu (1994) decipher conduct as the demonstration of purchasing in addition to the perspectives made for that demonstration. As attitudinal measurements Dick and Basu (1994) give three stages, ‘customer satisfaction’, ‘customer trust’ and ‘customer

Role of Entry level Employees in a Company - 275 Words

Role of Entry level Employees in a Company (Essay Sample) Content: Kevin GithuProfessor WilliamsEnglish 10113 September 2014IntroductionAccording to Suzan Heathfield, entry level jobs are opportunities that utilize the skills of individuals who come straight from school with minimum skills. An analysis of the employer recruitment trends reveals that entry-level employees are passionate, robust and substantially dynamic in their work that enhances growth and prosperity in companies. The amount of work offered by young professionals is compared to that of the experienced or the long serving employees. Besides, entry level employees are physically active in their work, energetic and very enthusiastic. Their knowledge base regarding the current market needs is also high, which is an advantage to a company or a business. In essence, entry-level employees are vital for the progress and prosperity of any business or company as can be vividly shown from the points discussed in the paragraphs below.Role of Entry level Employees in a CompanyEn try-level employees promote the services and products of the company through the social media platforms. They are active on various social media and tend to connect instantly with their friends and families, in the long run marketing their companies and their services. As a result, this boosts the popularity of the company, services offered, and the products thus attracting more customers. Such a move translates to high profits for the company.Charles Fernandez reports that apart from promoting company services and products, entry-level employees enhance innovation of new ideas in the company. Young professionals still want to grow and boost their careers. In order to accomplish this, they look for ways and means, which includes conducting in-depth research about their company needs or challenges facing the company. Thereafter, they may invent a product, new technology or develop ideas that will help the company address a particular challenge. Companies benefit from such a move sinc e the huge amount of funds that would have otherwise hired or contracted experts, can in turn be used to motivate these employees through salary increments or even expand the company infrastructure.Entry level employees also provide an environment for a company to establish internal trainings and certifications. Young professionals are eager to learn and gather experience in their various fields or careers, as opposed to long-serving or experienced employees. Companies that perhaps are planning to come up with new technology or change of procedures will, therefore, have an easy time since they will only require establishing training forums for the employees. In itself, this favorably reduces costs to the company since employees will not have to be sent to training institutions or certification bodies for training.Entry-level employees also have a high knowledge base of modern technology in which only few of the older employees are conversant. For instance, technology is rapidly movi ng towards the era of desktop computers and laptop devices. Most of the older employees in most companies are a part of an older generation in which the development of some of these devices had not taken place. Some, therefore, find it a quite a challenge working with them in comparison to the young professionals. After carrying out survey, I realized that many older employees find it hard to use Microsoft windows 8 versions as compared to new employees in most companies. The implication, therefore, is that the work efficiency of entry-level employees is high in a company with such devices as opposed to that of the long serving employees.Another factor is that, apart from having more knowledge on modern technology, entry level employees are also very cautious on handling company equipment and also very keen to follow instructions. Most of the young professionals struggle to acquire employment. Consequently, they tend to protect their jobs by carefully handling equipment and adhering to instructions so that they do not fall in the bad books of the company management. These attributes guarantee execution of jobs within the shortest time, delivery of quality work and saving company costs due to too many repairs from equipment breakdowns. In the long run, company losses reduce significantly, and the quality and durations of service improve tremendously. As a result, more customers are brought on board.Entry-level employees also provide an easy platform for the company to carry out internal promotions. Employees who started their careers with other companies are well-versed with the company products and services offered. Such employees can easily get promotions to senior roles and perform their duties with no difficulty. Such is usually not the case when a company decides to employ senior employees from other companies. The employees have to be thoroughly trained on the new company practices, which may take a substantial amount of time. The act of poaching employee s from other companies is also costly since such employees demand higher remuneration compared to whatever their remuneration from former companies.Finally, a company can take advantage of ...

Media Portrayal Of Women And Minorities At The University...

In the† The construction of Masculinity in fast food TV Advertising â€Å"Carrier Packwood , Freeman and Debra Merskin , Professors and studies how the media portrays veganism and animal production at the University of Georgia, Debra also teaches and does research on the media portrayal of women and minorities at the University of Oregon . It is challenging that gender has been used construct characters. The authors portray different stereotypes in commercials or advertisements in general which are fast- food products and they urge how this stereotypes are presented .Furthermore they point out this characters which are objectification of women, supreme identity of male and women as freedom takers. These characters have built meanings and it has become something normal in the American population. People are not buying products instead stereotypes of characters. In relation to fast-food products different products also use this stereotypes in commercial and advertisement In the Carrie and Fressman essay men stereotypical behaviors are portrayed as sovereign or self-independent creatures. They are shown as people who can do better at anything they are the masters. The society today also has grown to defend this because men are put in charge of everything. Moreover the authors claim that men are shown more as employed in more occupations and they often have a voice than the women do. Media have also embedded this stereotype because some commercials used terms as this â€Å"equateShow MoreRelatedAre Purchasing Products For The Good Reasons911 Words   |  4 PagesREASONS’’ In the† The construction of Masculinity in fast food TV Advertising â€Å"Carrier Packwood, Freeman and Debra Mersin, Professors and studies how the media portrays veganism and animal production at the University of Georgia, Debra also teaches and does research on the media portrayal of women and minorities at the University of Oregon .Gender has repeatedly been a victim of negative stereotypes. Today negative characters are constructed through advertisement or commercials and people areRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Disney Princesses1911 Words   |  8 Pageswrite this paper. I am fascinated by how something that seems so innocent can be a concern and how it relates so much with the effects of media. In this research paper, I want to persuade people in why Disney is a good influence on young children. To do that, I am going to start of by comparing and contrasting the princesses, explain how the princesses represent women of three different eras, and them lastly, analyze how it is all a positive influence on children by describing what people who would disagreeRead MoreMaking Sense of Advertisements Daniel Pope8330 Words   |  34 Pagessources and how historians use them, a brief history of advertising, questions to ask when interpreting ads as historical evidence, an annotated bibliography, and a guide to finding advertisements online. Author Daniel Pope has taught at the University of Oregon since 1975 and is currently Associate Professor and History Department Head. He teaches courses on American economic and business history and on the history of American radicalism. He is the author of The Making of Modern Advertising (1983)Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesIntroduction to Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition RoxyRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagesamong employees. B) It has empowered consumers with easy access to information. C) It can be used as a powerful sales channel. D) It has facilitated mass marketing but not the sale of customized products. E) It enables marketers to use social media to advertise their products. Answer: D Page Ref: 14-15 Objective: 4 AACSB: Use of IT Difficulty: Easy 46) The ________ process consists of analyzing marketing opportunities, selecting target markets, designing marketing strategies, developing

Judith Bradford And Crispin Sartwell In Their Essay “Voiced

Judith Bradford and Crispin Sartwell in their essay â€Å"Voiced Bodies/Embodied Voices† helps articulate the difficulties of being heard. One voicing their opinions to others is not going to always work as planned because of the many biases of others as well as the social construct of society. Bradford and Sartwell explain the three conditions that allow individuals to have their voices heard. Physically being in a position where one can speak to certain people is one of the conditions. This notion means that if people are physically in an area where there is an agreement being made, they can have the ability to voice their opinion since they are present at the event. Another condition is if one has the ability to speak. Words and phrases need†¦show more content†¦Should individuals use person-first language or not? Moreover, individuals who have autism and are at the meeting are not able to reach their goals of how they can rightfully identify themselves. This debat e, being a controversial subject, makes it more difficult for autistic members to get their opinions heard. Brown wants people to explain carefully what they are arguing for so that they can help others understand the problem with semantics when it comes to person first language. By allowing other people to articulate their arguments rationally, they can inform others to as why they prefer a certain order of terminology. As Brown mentions, â€Å"I urge you to consistently use such phrasing everywhere possible, whenever discussing autism and issues that affect Autistic people, and to develop coherent, rational explanations for why you prefer this terminology, so that you can engage in such mutually respectful and civil exchanges with others† (par. 21). Brown shows how being consistent with one’s words in regard to autism allows for other people to rightfully understand one’s opinion as they intended. Accordingly, on the subject of inclusion as discussed by Anna Kegler, she explains how the term inclusion sounds more like a welcoming term rather than an equal opportunity for everyone to participate in. Furthermore, Kegler articulates the idea about spaces being predominately owned by white people and how it poses

Auditing & Assurance Australian Company BSF Ltd

Question: Discuss about theAuditing Assurancefor Australian Company BSF Ltd. Answer: Introduction The Australian company BSF Ltd is performing a research analysis regarding the improvisation of the food products which are being produced for the fish. The forthcoming research provides entire information and details of the research and development procedure. The reason behind the prosperity of the organization is that the company always keeps a keen focus in the improvement of the food products which are continuously being produced by this Australian company for maintaining a sustainable environment in the organization. The research conducted by the company BSF Ltd proved to be a drastic failure during its commencement. A decreased level of the food value of the fish was an outcome of the failure of the research performed. In the next stage or the second stage of the research which was conducted indulged in it newer improvised techniques which helped in the production of products which were of high food value. Hence forth a change had been found in the production of the high-qualit y food products which helped in the development the company. A reduction in the productivity was found when plant feeds were used for the research study. The products which were formed were neither environment-friendly nor were they cost effective. Several problems in the environment had been created due to this research analysis. Thereby the research proved to be much inconvenient in nature towards both the environment and the society (Alkafaji, 2007). Whereas with the application of the plant's upper part which is considered as a wastage helped the research to prove itself as a successful experiment. Incorporating wastage in the research study not only helped in the production products which were cost effective but also helped in producing products which were environment-friendly. Therefore this experiment which was performed helped in providing a safe and a clean environment. A patent has been made against this research keeping into consideration its several positive aspects. Criterias which are taken under Consideration Before obtaining the Audit Appraisal and Applying them on the BSF Ltd. Before the accommodation of the procedure of the audit, several steps and approaches have to be taken into consideration. Suitable detection has been done for the categorization of the problems and risks (Kallen, Kuniewski and Noortwijk, 2009). This helped in the appropriate functioning of the research study by the improvisation of the various risk factors. Correct distinction and maintenance help in the categorization of the risk factors. The various elements regarding this are indicated in the points mentioned below: The prospective litigations are considered as the risk for the business of the auditor, whereas other cost factors are also responsible for the risk which is being created. Reputational effects and fee awareness are regarded as the factors responsible for representing the risk factors. The profitability and survival of the client depend on the proper depiction of the risk of the clients business (Kew and Watson, 2012). With the failure of the modified financial statements and the indicated materials can prove to be an unknown risk for the audit. For the improvement of the organization BSF Ltd, various crucial steps needed to be followed so that they might accept the audit for the organization. The steps which are needed to be followed are indicated in the below-mentioned points: For the proposed use of the financial statements proper identification of the situations should be made in order to avoid the unwanted risks as focused by the audit. The management's assessment and reliability helps in denoting the values that signify the errors. These errors are the material errors which are the correct recognition of the irregularity. This clearly depicts that the management of the organization BSF Ltd. is dishonest (Mott, 2008). The amount is determined by accessing the capability and thereby for the proper management of the business. And for an audit, a proper and a strict supervision is very much necessary. For the improvisation of the rule of the code of conduct, the essential requirement is the assessment if the independence. The legal responsibility of the auditor is handled much carefully taking into consideration the third general standards with the correct distinction between the two factors that are required for the proper set up of the auditor (Ruhnke and Lubitzsch, 2010). The views, opinions, and expressions regarding the legal responsibility of the financial statement are tactfully described in the above-mentioned points. For amplifying the above-mentioned reasons, a deliberate process is required. Acceptance of the Role for Performing an Audit in the BSF Ltd. During the elimination of the errors, a number of risks occur which are determined are depicted by the Inherent risk. Therefore the elimination of the financial statement is taken under consideration. Recognition of the problems faced by the company is determined strongly by the failures, and this is related to the organization's control over the financial statements. The visualization of the degree of complexity thereby clearly shows the transactions that are created in a complex manner. Control structures that are related to the breakdown of the financial statement are also made with the help of this (Sarker et al., 2016). Henceforth the inherent and the control risks are clearly visualized with the ongoing lower levels for the audit's purpose. Thus for the determination of the risk of the audit at a sensible level, the development of the procedure has been reasonably created. The risk detection malfunction the material statement and henceforth, this is produced for visualizing the misstatement of the financial statements by the organization. It also helps in detecting the procedures that help in the determination the errors and frauds which have been created in the financial statement (Saita, 2007). The left behind undetermined statements at the time of audit are clearly pointed out by the misstatement. A huge number of testing can reduce the detections and for the removal of the risks; sample transactions have been used. The determination of the errors and frauds are mainly done through the controlled risk management. It also helps in reducing the number of failures of the operation whereas the types of fraud are being detected by relevant controls. The frauds and the risk factors are thereby detected through the assessment of control risks. An individual report is created by the segregation of the statements and thereby the report does not bear any technical knowledge regarding the problem which is to be resolved. In the research analysis, the inherent risk is approximated to be 90%. The control risk is estimated to be like 5%, and the detection risk is estimated to be as 80%. The auditor is helped in the continuation of the program by the lower controlled risks. The auditor conducts the audit program for the purpose of controlling the risks that are indicated in this case study (R., 2016). Elaborating and List the Audit Program Incorporated for BSF Ltd The risk assessment process carried out by the internal auditor helps in detecting the issues faced by the company. The engagement audit program is identified with the implementation of application control and thereby the effective operation strategies are selected for carrying out the operation. The audit programs with the procedures are identified by implementing new program strategy and thereby new structures are created for designing the operation of the management and also enable the application control (Wolf, 2008). The mentioned below circumstances are determined by the objectives of the application control. The coverage of the audit program is included in the audit of the company BSF Ltd which is listed below:- Data should be stored in the appropriate form, and thus the concluding part of the data storage process can be a gain in an accurate format. The input data have to be appropriate by the completion of procedures with the help of proper authorization which should be done. Data is processed when it appears to be intended in an accurate format by the making of proper time phase. The completion of the process that must be accurate as well as the whole format of the process should be done appropriately or properly. And also should be focused on the output of the process for appropriate results (Stittle and Wearing, 2008). For the creation of input, storage, and output of data records are orderly kept by keeping a record of the issues? For determining the objectives various steps is required those follow:- The risk management will be performed for the determination of the problems. The audit guidelines will be reviewed for the determination of the scope. The communication plan which is requires being performing as per assisting the resource for the appropriate development. The audit technique will be assisted for determining the computer assisted programs, and these programs should be implemented for assisting the techniques (Subramaniam and Carey, 2011). Performing the audit program by the approximate formation of the audit program. The control program will be determined by maintaining the audit program, and the control program appears to be interconnected to the production and preservation of the transactional data. The audit techniques are identifying with the help of the verification process, and the audit techniques help in creating storage and after that when the process are executed then it gives the output with proper and clear description. Elaboration about the Growing Interest for the Auditor of the R D Transactions The interest shown for the auditing for the organization is represented by the grant arrangement. These arrangements are depicted for the flexibility usage of the resources. The information will be formed when the proactive or positive strategies are implemented. It gives the grant arrangement that is represented in this case which determines the flexibility of the resources as well as the positive implementation of the positive strategies is take under consideration by creating reply for the direct investment (Holton, 2012). The proactive planning will be enhanced for the research groups; that is considered to turn on the implementation of the plan for the response received. The organization of CSIRO has brought greater changes with the help of the approaches that are considered in the research. These approaches help the CSIRO organization to enhance the flexibility of resources with creating availability of the resources. The case of flexible strategy is represented by considering the importance of the case which seems to be delivering considerable progress. The conflict which is created helps in the recognition and making, and efficient adaption is helped out by carrying out various functions. For making the adoption process effective, various functions are carried out with the help of the provided funds (Chung, 2016). The research involvement helps in adapting the cost of productivity by creating the demand which depends on the cost and henceforth the benefit of productivity is gained. The high technology value is provided accurate effort for the decision with creating an impact on the corporation. The Bottom Line of Tipple The income statement helps in determining the triple bottom line which helps in depicting the conventional profit for the organization and is also represented as the 1st bottom line. The 2nd bottom line is the company's account help in the social activity to the measuring the social duty by the operation of the business of the company. The 3rd bottom line makes the three Ps. The people, the profit, and the planet are the three Ps. The business firm provides sufficient attention for depicting the environmental issues. In obtaining environmental responsible conditions, the society plays an important role in the organization. For the proper performance of the study and development process the business strategies, the above-mentioned concept helps in creating the innovative ideas. The innovative technology helps in creating innovative stability for the organization (B. Rust, 2011). The mitigation of issues is depicted by implementing the research and thereby the cost structures are provided for the appropriate maintenance of the environment of the organization. It thereby also helps in depicting the values for the company so that the stability can be gained. Special management about the research made In order to create an official document for the prospectus of the company of the BSF Ltd, respect to the management of BSF Ltd is provided for creating values. The grant is shown by the case helps in allowing the aquaculture feeds with the cost signified (Bowen and Aragon-Correa, 2014). The enhancement appears to be indicating the aquaculture with focusing on the systematic improvement. Henceforth, it helps in depicting the structures that are developed for the growth of the organization. According to the case, the improvement helps in depicting the factors that appear to be dependable for creating the improvements of systematic. So the development of BSF Ltd Company is focused with carrying out the improvement in structure of control management. For the achievement of appropriate control structure for the organization, the research depicts the following which are as follows:- In the corporation, it shows the improvement with implementing control measures for bringing sustainability. It helps to create sustainable environment for the organization. Appropriate use of the renewable resources helps to gain profitability and thereby helps in reducing the cost for the organization (Weygandt, 2009). The exclusive control system helps for the improvement of the high quality production .The exclusive control system also helps in determining the proper usage of the wastages in a controlled manner and thus creating a sustainable environment. References Rust, M. (2011).The Future of Aquafeeds. [online] Available at: https://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/aquaculture/docs/feeds/the_future_of_aquafeeds_final.pdf [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Chung, E. (2016).'Greener' fish farming could lead to unhealthier seafood. [online] CBC News. Available at: https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/aquaculture-feed-1.3262922 [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. R., L. (2016). [online] Available at: https://sciencenordic.com/fish-feed-research-may-helpreduce-world-hunger [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Sarker, P., Kapuscinski, A., Lanois, A., Livesey, E., Bernhard, K. and Coley, M. (2016). Towards Sustainable Aquafeeds: Complete Substitution of Fish Oil with Marine Microalga Schizochytrium sp. Improves Growth and Fatty Acid Deposition in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).PLOS ONE, 11(6), p.e0156684. Holton, R. (2012).Global finance. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Stittle, J. and Wearing, B. (2008).Financial accounting. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Wolf, M. (2008).Fixing global finance. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. Bowen, F. and Aragon-Correa, J. (2014). Greenwashing in Corporate Environmentalism Research and Practice: The Importance of What We Say and Do.Organization Environment, 27(2), pp.107-112. Alkafaji, Y. (2007). Quality assurance review programs of auditing firms: an international perspective.Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(7), pp.644-660. Heagney, J. (2012).Fundamentals of project management. New York: American Management Association. Kallen, M., Kuniewski, S. and Noortwijk, J. (2009).Risk and decision analysis in maintenance optimization and flood management. Amsterdam: IOS Press. Kew, J. and Watson, A. (2012).Financial accounting. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. Mott, G. (2008).Accounting for non-accountants. London: Kogan Page. Ruhnke, K. and Lubitzsch, K. (2010). Determinants of the Maximum Level of Assurance for Various Assurance Services.International Journal of Auditing, 14(3), pp.233-255. Saita, F. (2007).Value at risk and bank capital management. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. Subramaniam, N. and Carey, P. (2011). Risk management, governance and assurance.Managerial Auditing Journal, 26(7). Weygandt, J. (2009).Hospitality financial accounting. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons.

Leveraging IT for Business Advantage

Introduction Information technology has actually penetrated all spheres and aspects of the organization management. The initial role of information communication technologies being support of different business operations has also gradually grown to be central to the strategic management of the organization.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Leveraging IT for Business Advantage – Cafà © de Coral specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The emergence of new IT systems has been the critical facilitator of the business reengineering process in most institutions. The use of information communication technologies by business has enabled them achieve competitive edge over their competitors. This technology has enabled operational efficiency through the production management systems. Business process reengineering, product and service differentiation has also been facilitated by different IT systems like Computer Aided design, customer relationship management and marketing information system. Improved and faster decision making has been enhanced by the decision support systems and management information systems. This research paper will look to describe how Cafà © de Carol has embraced information technologies and how this has facilitated its successful growth. Information technology in management Most business organizations have their main goal being value addition to their shareholders. Organizations achieve this by profit maximization through the reduction of production costs and increase. This motive is usually very limited keeping in mind the current business environment where competition is very stiff. In organizations, information systems constitute different components working together in order to achieve the organization goals. The management of an organization has the responsibility of planning, controlling and motivating its staff members for the achievement. The decision making aspects of the organization rely on data and facts that has to be collected and analyzed regarding various procedures of the organization. Information communication technology came in to facilitate this process of information processing at different functional areas of the organization. The use of information communication technology has enabled the organization information systems process information faster, consequently making decisions faster. Current information system processes information on real time making decision making process almost instantaneous process.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Information technology and competitive advantage Today’s business entities are in cut throat competition and each of them would like to be the market leader and be the most profitable in the industry. With such challenge, the strategic management are faced with lo ng term survival of an institution decisions while the operations management having operational efficiency issues. This makes the need for faster information processing and support a very critical necessity. Information communication technologies do come in to fill this gap thereby enabling the faster making of strategic and tactical decisions. According to Alter (2008) with proper leverage on IT, organizations will be able to minimize costs, provide competitive products and services, better customer relationship management and business reengineering. Information communication technologies will not make business strategy but will facilitate the achievement of business goals. This requires that IT systems will have to be designed with focus on business strategy of the organization. IT will support the organization achieve a competitive edge where it has been aligned with the organizations’ business strategy. Cafà © de Carol with the mission of being the global food industry l eader has strategically positioned itself for this with the company’s willingness to invest heavily in information technology. The company developed a very good customer relationship management (CRM) based on the core objective of ensuring that the customer experience in their shops is unmatched. They have a customer loyalty program and online order processing system. The company currently has a mechanical and fully automated food processing plant with an enormous logistics support system using their own distribution fleet consequently achieving operations and production efficiency. Customer Relationship management The customer centered business approach by cafà © de carols is a good perspective of management and production firm since without it, there is no reason for an organization to exist. Customer management systems have enabled organization to build emotional attachments with their customers and consequently personalizing their provision of services. This makes the cu stomer develop a feeling of greatness and loyalty to the organization. With these CRM systems, organizations are able to build relationship even though online purchasing and ordering. These systems will be able to make the organization segregate customers and adapt to their lifestyles, likes and attitudes where necessary consequently increasing sales and revenues.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Leveraging IT for Business Advantage – Cafà © de Coral specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cafà © de carol has high regard to the customer experience and satisfaction in their shops. The restaurants have been decorated with an exceptionally great concept. Additionally these restaurants and shops enjoy a number of high quality products, a Wi-Fi connection as a result making them a place of choice for meeting by most professionals. Cafà © de Carol has a great customer experience. It also has a wide range of products and services that makes them a community-wide service provider. The customer is able to choose for a quick service shops, specialty restaurants and institutional catering services. Customer order processing system is a very important point in a CRM since it can determine whether the customer will be admiring the organization or not. The order processing should always be as friendly and informative as possible. It should be relatively predictive and the customer should understand when the products or services will be ready for them. The CRM should be able to notify the customer when their product or service is ready for collection or use and the most convenient means of footing the bill. With the nature of Cafà © de Coral business where ambience and absolute customer comfort is critical; the company image and shop ambience ought to be a splendid provision to their customers. Building of a strong customer base will always begin with customer satisfaction and therefore it is very imperative that organization invests heavily on the information communication technologies that will in the long run facilitate efficiency in serving customers and which do not affect the their comfort. With the Customer Relationship management in place, organizations have enabled the existence of soft relations with their customers consequently able to respond to their ever varying needs. The organization is also able to maintain customers for long term profitability. Production Inventory management Operations efficiency is an asset to every organization like Cafà © de Carols with the globe as it expansion boundary. With technologies to enable organizations to have operations excellence in place, institutions will always try to achieve on one of the areas which enhances their greatest strategic objectives.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Operations efficiency touches on functional areas of Production management, inventory and quality control. Production management and scheduling system is very important since it enhances timely delivery of products to the customer. This also will help the raw materials inventory management regarding their projections of the quantities of raw material needed. Production responsibilities are usually very critical and for a service industry with centralized production units where quality is of essence, technology driven production management systems is very necessary so as to harmonize product quantities needed by the shops and the raw materials required that they also require. The system should also facilitate maintenance of required quality standards, even with the widely known perceptions that this industry is labor intensive, human judgments can always be enhanced by technologies. Raw materials acquisition system is also a very critical side of the production process. Where to buy from, when to buy and the quantities to be purchased are critical decisions which require the support of a scheduling system. Production efficiency and quality will depend greatly on the availability of right quality and quantity of materials and this has been facilitated by the central purchasing system. With the growth history of Cafà © de carol, its operations and future aspirations of being a global leader in food industry, necessary technology aid is imperative. The production management system must be able to plan and schedule for the flow of information, inventory and products. Cafà © de Carol has fully leveraged on information technology in their whole production processes. Their food productions factories are mechanized and fully automated with a quality control departments and laboratories. With such level of production process management and frequent upgrade of their plant, cafà © de Carol has remained the market leader in fast foods industry. The company has also enga ged in innovative process of developing new products and services. This high quality products development using advanced quality monitored technology has enabled the company products to be very competitive in the market. Finished goods inventory system Finished goods inventory system deals with general stock management. The system ensures that there is stock for distribution in the shops and other outlets. This system is there to ensure that goods are safeguarded from theft, bad storage conditions and destruction. The inventory system will also play a pivotal role in ensuring that customer satisfaction exercise is completed smoothly. With the just in time approach to inventory management, most organization would like to invest in inventory management systems which will limit the stockholding costs while operating at high level efficiency. Cafà © de Carol has not only invested in a very excellent inventory management system but also technology to ensure that the qualities of its pro ducts are continuously preserved like cold and dry storage facilities. The food production process is equally an area where storage costs can be so high and consequently production process must be guided by very timely and high level market intelligence information. Cafà © de Carol has invested well in technology not only to improve on the logistics of raw material and finished goods but also in proper storage facilities. The Production factories have cold and dry storage facilities, central purchasing management system and distribution fleet. Truck scheduling system Logistics is usually part of the operations management. The food distributing trucks scheduling is an area which requires Information communication technology support. For the effective truck scheduling, truck tracking system and scheduling should be in place. The scheduling module should be able to allocate truck to the route that will be less costly to the company. Cafà © de Carols have distribution fleets which has a central management. The fleet ensures that the food will be delivered to the various shops at the required state of quality. Sales marketing Cafà © de Carol has been able to market their products strategically. With proper customer feedback from its integrated marketing information system, the company has been able to improve on the quality of their products and aid in innovating other new products. The institutionalization of quality standards within the food processing plants has enabled the organization to maintain their clients. The company has been able to advertise its quality products by running a lot of TV commercials stressing their unique and high quality products. Information technology has expanded the sales and marketing platform for the company. With their luncheon star, a school catering flagship, the website has been a successful sales and marketing forum. The company has fully leveraged on integrated market communication system in the area of collecting custome r feedback by use of a web questionnaire through surveys. This has given the company an opportunity to understand the customer needs hence supply of better quality products and services. VIP Loyalty program fully supported by information technology has proved to be not only a very great customer relationship management program but also a great sale and marketing support system. Sales analysis forecasting system Market intelligence is a very great aspect of market information system. This is because information on customer needs, sales trends and feedback is usually achieved. Sale analysis is part of market intelligence where the analyst is interested mostly in trends and factors for the seasonal variations (Alter, 2008). With this information at hand, forecasting model will be developed; this is a great management tool for planning. Sales analysis system for the cafà © de Carol has a very elaborate market information systems supported by the segmental accounting reporting which ha s enabled the company to have efficient production and operations management. All projections have been based on the market intelligence information. With the support of web based questionnaires, the company is able to get real time customer feedback which is very important for the operations and service improvements. Vendor management Vendors who supply critical raw materials to an organization are very important. Payments to vendors should be done promptly so that penalties or poor relationship is not experienced. Service or product providers have to be respected and if credit relationship has been developed, strict adherence to the terms of the relations is very critical. The organization should be able to service its debts within the credit period. This will ensure that the continuous service or product provision is enhanced. Supplier performance system Suppliers’ relationship with the company has to be cordial. Suppliers’ relationship with the company will have to be through legal contracts and mostly with the service level agreements. This relationship is very involving and tedious and can divert the company management to focusing on it rather than the profit motive. Procurement function especially for critical raw materials should be treated with seriousness since failure to supply raw materials can lead to closure of the company operations. For the case of Cafà © de Carol, the centralized purchasing system has enabled several stores to focus more on the customer service. The central purchasing system will usually ensure that the suppliers deliver quality products and process their payments. Accounting management Cafà © de Carols’ financial management and accounting system is one functional information system that the company cannot do without. This is because it is much related to the administration and corporate governance. Financial position of a company is the only information investors would like to know about the company. Th is makes accounting management a central role to the whole existence of an organization and the purpose of investment. Much of the corporate governance standards have been developed around accounting management since it is the only reporting system that will give information on the overall organization performance. The company’s financial position has been good even though the economic downtown had affected most of its global operations. Manual Accounting information systems can no longer provide the information at the required speeds hence most organizations have migrated to computerized accounting system. Organizations’ financial information is currently required to be known on real time basis, since even income calculations have been narrowed down to per second calculation. Accounting information system will therefore be the central system that will collect information from other functional area information systems. Cafà © de Carol has been awarded many trophies on the area of corporate governance showing that their accounting management systems are perfectly managed. Marketing Plan (4P) The marketing plan for an organization lays down the tactical marketing strategy for the company. The marketing leverage points are usually around price wars, product promotion, product quality and the business location. With no direct elaboration of the Cafà © de Carols’ marketing plan, the company has shown adequate clues of its strategy. The company’s marketing focus has been around customer experience, product quality, promotion and branding. With the continuous branding and repackaging, the company has come up with a very innovative packaging design and super brands. Information technology has guided this process through customer feedback facilitation. The company has also engaged in aggressive product promotions through TV commercials and also online commercials, this has consequently increased sales tremendously. The use of the online or der processing in the case of luncheon star product has seen it become the most used school lunch service program. With the support of information technology, an organization is therefore able to do marketing and order processing to a bigger catchment area. Product differentiation is one area an organization can gain a competitive advantage and cafà © de Carol has capitalized on this fully. The company has been in a continuous process of service and product reengineering. It has always been able to come up new products and services as a result growing its customer base. Cafà © de Carol stores have been strategically positioned so as to meet different client needs. The cafà © brand has been recognized because of its uniqueness. Their stylish, ambient and comfortable dining environment has always given customers great experience and satisfaction. The competitive prices of the brand Cafà © de Carol has also given them a niche in their market. The company’s’ large scal e and low cost production has enabled the company to price its products competitively. Wide product ranges has also made it possible for the company to serve a larger and differentiated market. Conclusion The varied information communications technologies have made it possible for business organizations to expound their business horizons. The use of these technologies has not only enabled faster decision making in a very competitive business environments but also helped businesses have a competitive edge over their competitors. The giant global organizations like Cafà © de Carol can monitor their global operations from one central management centre on real time basis. The information technology has colonized all the functional departments of every modern organization making their use very invaluable. With much information flow and ever changing business environments, business organizations have to change and appreciate technologies that will enable them make timely decision. Cafà © de Coral has actually put up strong investment in information technology that has enabled it to be competitive and expand tremendously. References Alter, S., 2008. Information systems: a management perspective. Boston: Addison Wesley. This research paper on Leveraging IT for Business Advantage – Cafà © de Coral was written and submitted by user Hayley T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

ATOC 1060 Essay Example

ATOC 1060 Essay Example ATOC 1060 Paper ATOC 1060 Paper The term albedo refers to the absorption of radiation False Without an atmosphere, the earths temperature would be a frigid -100 degrees Celsius False Over the past 400,000 years, CO2 abundances in Earths atmosphere have varied in correlation with Earths temperature True Molecules are called greenhouse gases if they Absorb infrared radiation, but are transparent to visible light. Global warming and anthropogenic climate change are terms that refer to the same environmental issue, specifically the alteration of Earths surface temperature and climate due to release of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere by human activities. T or F? True Greenhouse gases are important because they absorb visible radiation in the earths atmosphere False CO2 is the primary greenhouse gas in the earths atmosphere False As the temperature of a blackbody object increases, radiation from that object shifts to shorter wavelengths and becomes more intense Climate scientists believe that due to human activities earth is changing faster now than it has in the past. True The most abundant gas in the earths atmosphere is Nitrogen The ozone hole is a good example of a change in Earths atmosphere that is due mainly to natural causes. True The energy flux emitted by a blackbody object goes as The temperature raised to the fourth power Based on the inverse square law an object that is twice as far from the sun as the earth recieves______ as much solar flux that the earth. 1/4 The suns emission consists of primarily of infrared light, with some ultraviolet Latent heat refers to energy gained or lost when a substance such as water changes phases True The earths temperature has increase by about ___ over the last century .8 degrees C The region of the infrared spectrum between 8 microns and 13 microns is referred to as the window region because at these wavelengths CO2 and H2O are poor absorbers, so light can escape more readily to space There is a radiation deficit in the polar regions(that is less incoming solar radiation that outgoing thermal radiation) because ____? Heat is transfered poleward by circulations of the atmosphere and oceans The effect of clouds on earths radiation budget is easy to calculate quantitatively because all clouds reflect light to space, increasing the albedo False The increase in ice coverage at high latitudes with decreasing global temperatures is an example of positive feedback True 233k = ____ *C -40*C The magnitude of Earths greenhouse effect is about 33* Celsius Which of the following gases is not an important greenshouse gas? N2O Nitrous Oxide CC13F Freon 11 CH4 Methane Ar Argon H20 Water Vapor Ar Argon 273k = ___*C 0*C 300k =___*C 27*C 0k=___*C -273*C 373k=___*C 100*C What are the approximate minimum and maximum temperatures of Earths troposphere? Minimum 215 KMaximum 285 K 32*F=___*C 0*C 212*F=___*C 100*C 100*F=____*C 37.8*C High temperatures in the earths stratosphere at 50 km are due primarily to what? absorption of solar UV radiation by ozone 0*F=___*C -17.8*c 75*F=___*C 23.9*C Convection refers to what? the transport of heat by motions of a fluid (liquid or gas) The pressure of Earths atmosphere decreses/increases by a factor of what? decreases by a factor of 10 for every 16 km increase in altitude throughout most of the atmosphere For every 100 units of solar radiation incident on Earth, 30 units are reflected directly back to space, and 70 units are radiated to space as outgoing infrared radiation low thick clouds do what? reflect radiation back to space What is the actual value of incident radiation to the earths system? The solar constant at earth = 1370 W/m^2 mulitiplied by the projected are on the earth (R^2) High, thin clouds do what? trap infrared radiation near the surface Because water is a greenhouse gas, the increasing evaporation of water with warmer temperatures is an example of positive feedback on Earths surface temperature. True Pressure difference in the atmosphere are typically related to the distribution of surface temps? (T/F) True At norther mid-latitudes, even though the coriolis effect acts to turn a moving parcel of air to the right of the direction of motion an air parcel will always move directly from a region of high pressure to one of lower  pressure  in order to equalize the pressure. (T/F) False Surface air at the equator is warmer than surface air in the polar regions because the equator is closer to the sun than are the polar regions.   (T/F) False An abundance of _________, a greenhouse gas have been increasing in the atmosphere for many decades. Carbon dioxide C02 As ocean warms, sea ice will ____ As sea ice ____s, more _____ is absorbed in the ocean. This causes the warmer water.    Is this positive or negative feedback? melt, melts, sunlight Positive What is a blackbody object? One that can absorb and emit electromagnetic radiation at all wavelengths with equal efficiency.   Does not prefer some wavelengths over others. A blackbody radiates a total energy of? T^4 Energy balance outgoing radiation = incoming radiation absorbed by earth = outgoing infrared radiation Effective radiating temperature the temperature that an object would need to be radiating at in order to be in balance with the incoming absorbed solar radiation See Fig 3.1 Earths atmosphere today Nitrogen Oxygen Argon Water Vapor Carbon dioxide * Give % by volume Nitrogen 78%Oxygen 21%Argon .9%Water Vapor .00001%Carbon Dioxide .037% Greenhouse gases Water vaporCarbon dioxideMethaneNitrous oxideozonefreon -11freon -12 What are the most important absorbers in the atmosphere Water vapor and carbon dioxide What do low, thick clouds do with radiation? get warm radiation from the thin clouds and get trapped What do high, thin clouds do with radiation? allow radiation to go through them and warms the earth For an atmosphere that is in radiative balance (incoming = outgoing), how does temperature chance with height? Add more layers, and the surface gets even warmer because the layer above it is warmed by the layer above it etc Water vapor, a greenhouse gas, represents what kind of feedback in the Earth system? positive Other than radiation, what forms of heat transfer are important in the atmosphere? convection, latent heat, and conduction Differential heating is due to what? The curvature of the earth.  -See Fig 4.1 Where does solar energy go? (Earths budget) 45 units absorbed by surface25 units absorbed by clouds and gases 25 units reflected by clouds and gases 5 units reflected by the surface Of 133 energy units absorbed by the earths surface, how many units evaporate water and how many units produce convection? 24 units evaporate water and 5 units produce convection The earth system receives 99% of its heat in the form of _____ from the sun primarily in the visible and ______ radiation, near-IR Earths surface maintains thermal balance by convection of _____ ____ _____, air carrying heat upward, by _________ __________ and by radiating the remainder upward. warm, less denseevaporating water (latent heat) Of the 104 units of energy radiated by the suface, __ units escape to space through windows in the ________ spectrum of the atmosphere 4, infrared In the tropics there is more ______ solar radiation than _______ solar radiation. incoming, outgoing = a surplus of solar radiation In the polar regions, ___ solar radiation is received than ______ radiation is emitted. less, thermal = deficit of solar radiation The earths temperature has increased about____ over the last century .8 Degrees Celcius Based on the inverse square law, an object that is twice as far from the sun as the earth receives one-fourth as much solar flux than the earth Global warming and ______________ climate change refer to the same environmental issue. That the alteration of the earths temperature and climate is due to the release of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere by human activities. Anthropogenic An albedo of 1 means what pure reflection An albedo of 0 means what pure absorption (blackbody) Over the past 400,000 years _____ abundances in earths atmosphere have varied in correlation with the earths temperature C02 molecules are called greenhouse gases if they absorb infrared radiation, but are transparent to visible light What is the primary greenhouse gas in the earths atmoshere water vapor as the temperature of a blackbody object increases, radiation from that object shifts to shorter wavelengths and become more intense what is the most abundant gas in the earths atmosphere nitrogen The energy flux emitted by a blackbody object goes as The temperature raised to the fourth power Of the 100 units of solar radiation that are incoming at the top of earths atmosphere, ____ units are absorbed by earths surface, ______ units are absorbed by the atmosphere, ____ are reflected by the atmosphere back to space, and ____ are reflected by the surface. 45,25,25,5 Of the ____ units of thermal (infrared) energy radiated by earths surface, ___ units escape directly to space and ___ units are absorbed by the atmosphere 104, 4, 100 The ice coverage at high latitudes with decreasing global temperatures is an example of ______ feedback positive The increase of temperature of the earth will cause an increase in water vapor into the earths atmosphere, increasing the albedo, and then decreasing the temperature. This is an example of what kind of feedback negative The atmosphere is composed of what units that come from the heating of the atmosphere by gases and clouds (solar energy absorbed by atmosphere), units that come from the heating of the atmosphere by the greenhouse effect, and units that are from the heating of the atmosphere due to thermals and evaporation. What are the approximate min and max temperatures of earths troposphere min 215K max 285K What would the temperature of the earth be if there wasnt an atmosphere 255K The magnitude of earths greenhouse effect is about 33* celcius for every 100 units of solar radiation incident on the earth 30 units are reflected directly back to space, and 70 units are radiated to space as outgoing infrared radiation. Pressure differences in the earths atmosphere are typically related to the distribution of surface temperatures True The region of the infrared spectrum between 8 microns and 13 microns is referred to as the window region because at these wavelengths C02 and H20 are poor absorber, so light can escape more readily to space The suns emission consists of primarily of visible and infrared light, with some ultra violet There is less incoming solar radiation than outgoing thermal radion in the polar region, causing a radiation deficit because heat is transferred poleward by circulations of the atmosphere and oceans What is the actual value of 100 units of incident radiation The solar constant at earth multiplied by the projected area of earth high temperatures in the earths stratosphere at 50 km are due primarily to absorption of solar UV radiation by ozone True How many units of thermal energy come from the greenhouse effect 88 units (note larger than the units of solar radiation that the earth absorbs from the sun) Are there more units of latent heat or convection in earths budget? latent heat (evaporation) the pressure of earths atmosphere decreases by a factor of 10 for every 16 km increase in altitude reflection albedo absorption warms object Objects that are _____ absorb better than other objects black Why is it colder at the poles? Because at the equator, it is receiving direct sunlight whereas at the poles, it is receiving indirect sunlight What does Weins law tell us about BB wavelengths Max Wavelenth = 2898/T The maximum flux that a BB can reach at a certain wavelength Area beneath the curve = sigmaT^4 = total flux Magnetic spectrum and wavelengths ____________________________ UV Visible IR UV has small, high energy wavelengths IR was large, low energy wavelengths Greenhouse gases absorb IR radiation Anthropogenic Human induced changes in the atmosphere atmosphere thin envelope of gases that surround the earth hydrosphere composed of variousreservoirsof water including ice chlorofluorocarbon CFCs, Synthetic compounds containing chlorine, fluorine and carbon. Caused the ozone hole Stratosphere Absorbs UV rays and is warmer that the atmosphere below it because of it. (Ozone) negative feedback loop diminish the effects of disturbances Positive feedback loops; amplify the effects of disturbances wavelength the distance between two adjacent crests frequency the number of crests that pass a fixed point in a second. electromagnetic spectrum wavelength:(SMLG) UVVisibleIR Energy:(HL) UVVis.IR flux the amount of energy in an electromagnetic wave that passesperpendicularlythrough a unit surface area per unit time inverse square law the rate at which the solar flux decreases with increasing distance (1/r^2) Blackbody something that emits (or absorbs) electromagnetic radiation with 100%efficiencyat all wave lengths wiens law the flux of radiation emitted by a blackbody reaches itspeakwavelengthat delta max. or (2898/T) (Sun @visible wavelength, earth @ IR) Stefan-Boltzmann Law the energy flux emitted by a blackbody (T^4) 3 most abundant gases in the atmosphere Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon 4 most abundant greenhouse gases water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, are nitrous oxide convection a process in which heat energy is transported by themotionsof a fluid (boiling water) conduction the transfer of heat energy by direct contact between molecules Latent Heat the heat energyreleasedor absorbed during thetransitionfrom one phase to another Cirrus Clouds High level clouds that trap in heat Stratus clouds low level thick clouds that reflect incoming radiation back out into space Of 100 units of incoming solar radiation approx. how many are absorbed by earths surface? 45 or about half Air moves over earths surfaces because there are ___________ differences in pressure. Air also moves __________ because it is either forced to move mechanically or because there are changes in _________. horizontally, vertically, buoyancy Warmer air has a lower/higher density than cooler air lower Air tends to move from an area of ____ pressure, to an area of _____ pressure, until the two pressures are equalized. higher, lower If an air mass is heated until its density is lower than that of its surrounds, the lower-density air will rise. This phenomenon is a form of _________ Convection If an air mass is cooled until its density is higher than that of the underlying air, it will sink. This is referred to as ________ subsidence The incoming solar energy varies with _____ and with ______ whereas the outgoing terrestrial radiation depends on the temperature of the surface an atmosphere at each location. latitude, season The maximum solar absorption is found in the ____ and the available solar energy decreases rapidly as we move toward the _____ tropics, poles The tropic air near the surface rises, creating a ___-pressure region low The merging of air masses that are moving inward toward a low-pressure region is called _____. The air masses that meet at the tropics and rise make up the _________________ convergence, Intertropical convergence zone The air that rises in the ITCZ is forced to diverge _________ poleward divergence refers to the movement of air outward from a region in the atmosphere The poleward moving air subsides at about ___ N and ____ S, replacing air that is moving equatorward at the surface 30,30 At 30* N and 30* S, the air warms as it sinks, which prevents ______ and _____ from forming. condensation, clouds

Mythical Man Month Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mythical Man Month - Essay Example It is only after IT based business house developing and altering large potential customers that the requirement has raised to develop latest and new software's and hardware. Necessity is the mother of invention. As w all know, we tend to learn only when there is a need to. To compete with the new requirement software engineering has evolved over the years and trying to perform to the core. In fact learning in the software engineering course is phenomenal over the years. The software and the supporting hardware, which we have now, were not available in those days. The software companies in olden days were lagging in planning, coding, scheduling and repartitioning. Now a days planning and scheduling has become organized and well treated aspect of development. Software test has come a long way over the decades. The testing techniques now has grown in numbers and are able to test the developed software using different tools within no time. Testing engines have learnt a lot from the developed versions of testing techniques. It is sure that over the years IT companies have learnt a lot as how to make profit within minimum number of employees for a particular project. In olden days training used to play a vital role before the project is assigned to teams. Every member of the team is initially trained almost for a month. Then comes scheduling the project and assigning the modules to the team members. Number of members per team is the key aspect for a project. Since each employee must have almost three times of communication between the team. As the number of team members' increase then there should be three times more communication per each employee for the successful completion of the project. It is almost like closing a fire with gasoline if we increase the number employees for project. Because there should be perfect communication between the team if the number of employees are increased or it ends in to a disaster like if we keep on closing a fire with gasoline. The skill and interlining of the employees has also shown a phenomenal growth over the decades. Until recently software developed were small and the client requirement was also not so demanding. But at the perfect age requirements are matching global standards. Silver bullet in this context is a weapon, a tool to suppress the horrors created by the software bugs and errors. The intention is to use the silver bullets, which can magically lay the errors and bugs to rest. Software developing does find many difficulties. There are no silver bullets available for software. There are no substantial inventions in this field. Considering the inherent properties and irreducible essence of software system, the following are the problems faced by software engineering: Complexity Conformity Changeability Invisibility Software is too complex than human construct. Since no two parts are alike. Similar parts are generally made as a subroutine. Computers are the complex products. This inherent complexity makes conceiving desirability no difficult in a more simply way to classify the software entity is that they are not repletion of the different elements. The elements interact with each other in a non-linear fashion there by increasing the complexity more than linearly. Software entities in olden days use to suffer a lot due to hardware constraints since software are developed

Why does the author object to her son's decision to cohabitate rather Essay

Why does the author object to her son's decision to cohabitate rather than marry - Essay Example Her next argument is people opting for cohabitation have economic disadvantages. The absence of marriage document denies them the legal facilities and they are obliged to find costly housing options and are not entitled for the normal health benefits. The main issue is about the psychological imbalance. The stamp of cohabitating parents creates an identity problem for the grandchild. As the child grows up and when it comes to know about the reality of relationship between its father and mother, it will suffer from emotional distress and a sense of insecurity. Happiness of the parents alone is not important. The extended family also has the psychological necessity to share the happiness and will feel the sense of belonging when the marriage is legal. With the rigid stand of the son, Doe’s family is disappointed and feels disgraced. Cohabitation is the pointer to the inner cowardice of the individuals who have chosen to live together. One part of their calculative mind looks tow ards the exit door on an ongoing basis. The combustible younger generation does not understand what their societal responsibility is. Youngsters, who are fascinated with the idea of cohabitation, fail to appreciate what the true importance of marriage is. Marriage is harmony, togetherness, and willingness of the individuals to live under a common roof, though their secular goals may be different. It is to discover the unity of the souls, through diverse challenges of life. The rigidity of the younger generation, impacted by materialistic values, will lead to unpleasant consequences in the long run. Being a part of the family, one owes responsibility to its psychological well-being and it is the duty of the son not to create a sorry situation for the parents. Jane Doe laments, â€Å"Recently, I heard him refer to her as his girlfriend. I cannot believe that that description will be endearing to their son when he is able to understand,† is

Global Warming Essay Example for Free

Global Warming Essay According to Live Science, global warming is used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earths atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earths climate forever. The scientific consensus on climatic changes to global warming is that the average temperature of the Earth has risen between 0. 4 Cto 0. 8 C over the past 100 years (as cited in Live Science, n. d. ). In the article from the American Policy Roundtable Arguments against Global Warming, many claim that global warming is obvious and that all arguments against global warming fall. The problem is that what is obvious often isnt true. Concern over global warming is overblown and misdirected. More than 17,000 scientists have signed a petition circulated by the Oregon Institute of Science saying in part, there in no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide, methane, or other greenhouse gases is causing or will, in the forseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earths atmosphere and disruption of the Earths climate. Satellite readings of temperatures in the lower troposphere show no warming since readings began 23 years ago. These readings are accurate within 0. 01 C, and are consistent with data from weather balloons. Only land-based temperature stations show a warming trend, and these stations do not cover the entire globe, and often contaminated by heat generated by nearly urban development, and are subject to human error (cited in American Policy Roundtable, n. d. ). When it comes to government and industrial leaders, a certain number of these are not being honest to citizens about the amount of pollution the industries and countries create. According to Exact Weather, from an article called Hysteria, all the main players from politicians and scientists to big corporations and the United Nations benefit from instilling fear into billions of human beings over the unproven theory of man-made global warming, Indeed, just three weeks after the U. N. ratcheted up international fears over global warming, a panel of 18 scientists from 11 countries has not reported to the U. N. that the only thing that can stop catastrophic climate change is a global tax on greenhouse gas emissions. Global problems, real or conjured up, require global governmental solutions. Environmentalism is nothing less than the global elitists replacement ideology for communism/socialism. Elitists who desire to rule other peoples lives have gravitated an even more powerful ideology. More powerful because it seems to trump all other considerations, as it claims the very survival of life on earth is dependent on implementing its agenda. (cited in Exact Weather, n. d. ). This is not the first time Americas major media has predicted an impending global climate crisis. It has happened four different time with each prediction warning that entire countries would be wiped out or that lower crop yields would mean the billions would die. In 1895, the panic was over an imminent ice age. Later, in the late 1920s, when the earths surface warmed less than half a degree, the media jumped on a new threat global warming, which continued into the late 1950s. Then in 1975, the New York Times headlined that global cooling was inevitable. Then in 1981, it was back to global warming, with the New York Times quoting seven government atmospheric scientists who predicted global warming of an almost unprecedented magnitude. (cited in Exact Weather, n. d. ). In an article written John Coleman, founder of the Weather Channel, he believes that not only is global warming the greatest scam in history, he believes some dastardly scientists with environmental and political motives manipulated long term scientific data to create an allusion of rapid global warming. Other scientists have also jumped into the circle to support and broaden the research to further enhance the totally slanted, bogus global warming claims. Mr. Coleman also believes that any person who spends a decade at a university obtaining a PHD in Meteorology and become a research scientist, more likely than not, becomes a part of that single minded culture. They all look askance like anyone, certain of their superiority. They respect government and disrespect business, particularly big business. They are environmentalists about all else. These scientists know that if they do research and results are in no way alarming their research will gather dust on the shelf and their research will languish. But if they do research that sounds alarms, they will become well know and respected and receive scholarly awards and, very importantly, more research dollars will come flooding their way. These scientists had to strive to be accepted, invited to present and review papers and travel to international meetings of the committee. Otherwise they were a nobody in the field. When many researchers did climate change studies in the late 90s they were eager to produce findings that would be important and be widely noticed and trigger more research funding. It was easy for them to manipulate the data to come up with results they wanted to make headlines and at the same time drive their environmental agendas. Then their like-minded Ph. D colleagues reviews their work and hastened to endorse ti without question (Coleman, n. d. ). Everyone has heard already that global warming is an international problem. Some say worldwide organizations are needed to address the worldwide issue to make sure all nations adhere to standardized pollution regulations. Some countries and the regions that comproise them have there own rules and regulations set to determine the daily life of how much electricity, coal, nuclear power, and other resources can be used, as well as how cars can be made, how buildings and bridges can be built as to not effect environmental damage. All of this comes at an extra cost to society and put more debt to these countries that implement the regulations. According to the article Destroying America to Save the World, the Kyoto Treaty is a international treaty designed to cut emissions that already contribute to global warming. The heart of the global warming dispute remains quite important. Scientists have been debating the reality of climate change and its potential impact for years. Despite extensive scientific opposition, worldwide environmental groups pushed for action that led to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change. The pact required reductions in emissions below 1990 levels for developed nations. When a ABC News report mentioned the estimated cost of the Kyoto Treaty if the United States implemented it, the result would be a damaging US economu with job losses and a increase in the price of energy by $2,000 per family. When the Fox News channel addressed the issue short, but to the point, it explained the reason for the U. S. opposition was that the treaty would not force reductions by the developing nations including major polluters such as China, but it would have cut emissions by about 30 percent beginning in 2008. Fox also mentioned that the supporters of the treaty believed the cost to American families was about $100 a year, while critics claimed it would have doubled the price of energy, costing families $2,700 a year. (Gainor, n. d. ) But this is not just the only example of regions, states, countries, or international communities imposing treaties or regulations that are costly. Arguments against Global Warming also mentions efforts by state governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are even more expensive and threaten to bust state budgets. After raising their spending with reckless abandon during the 1990s, states now face a umulative projected deficit of more than $90 billion. Incredibly, most states nevertheless, persist in backing unnecessary and expensive greenhouse gas reduction programs. New Jersey, for example, collected $358 millions a year in utility taxes to fund greenhouse gas reduction programs. Such programs will have no impact on global greenhouse gas emissions. All they do is destroy jobs and waste money (cited in American Policy Roundtable, n. d. ). There are many developing nations that are beginning to feel the positive impact of economic growth and development. Some of those developing nations have shown high amounts of pollution that is clogging up these countries cities especially in China and India. The Kyoto protocol will not solve the problem because it costs are too much and there is skepticism about it among the international community. The best way to prevent developing countries from have revolutionary and economic uprisings is not through international public policies. In article called International Clean Energy Initiative from the Office of Science and Technology Policy, using Advanced, low-polluting energy technologies, developed and manufactured in the United States. It is an initiative built on a set of recommendations by the Presidents Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology and is directed at leveling the playing field between cleaner U. S. energy technologies and services and polluting alternatives. While this technology carries higher up-front costs, and can be risky to decision-makers in developing countries, the real benefits of the initiative will help lay the technical and policy foundation that will allow developing and transition countries to build a clean energy future, leapfrogging past the polluting energy technologies used by the industrial countries. cited in Office of Science and Technology Policy article, 2001, pg. 1) The best option for world enforcement of pollution control, economic growth, and political stability is no regrets. Arguments against Global Warming mentions that while the alternative demands for immediate action to stop global warming, the best option is to do nothing. The best option is to invest in atmospheric research now and in reducing emissions sometimes in the future if the science becomes more compelling. Right now, investments should be made to reduce emissions only when such investments make economic sense in their own right. This is the strategy of no regrets. The United States spends more on global warming research each year than the entire rest of the world combined, and American businesses are leading the way in demonstrating new technologies for reducing and sequestering greenhouse gas emissions. (cited in American Policy Roundtable, n. d. ). If many countries emulate the way the United States does its research on global warming, and uses its methods, world enforcement becomes less and less likely since there are alternatives other than control, rules, and regulation. (cited in American Policy Roundtable, n. d. ).